Herbs, usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent, rarely lianas, shrubs and trees. Leaves alternate, simple, very rarely opposite, exstipulate. Flowers usually in dichotomous scorpoid cymes, rarely solitary and axillary, bisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, 5-merous, rarely 4-merous, hypogynous, Calyx usually 5-lobed, mostly persistent in fruit. Corolla gamopetalous, variously shaped: tubular, campanulate, rotate, funnelform or salverform, often with scales in throat; lobes 4-5 rarely 6 or more, usually imbricate. Stamens inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat, as many as and alternating with corolla lobes; anthers bithecous, dorsifixed, longitudinal dehiscence, introrse. Carpels 2, syncarpous; ovary superior, 2-locular with 2 ovules per loculus or 4-locular with 1 ovule per loculus; ovules suberect from the inner basal angle of the cell; style terminal or gynobasic, simple or divided. Fruit drupaceous with 1-4 seeds or 2-4 nutlets.
158 genera and about 2000 species