PLANT SPECIES STUDIED

4.     HERBS

S.No.	BOTANICAL NAME OF THE TAXON	FAMILY	GROWTH HABIT	WILD, CULTIVATED, ESCAPE OR OTHER	FLOWER COLOUR	COMMON NAME	IMAGE
1	Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur.	Ranunculaceae	Herb	Cultivated ornamental	Purple, Blue	Larkspur, Rocket Larkspur, Annual Delphinium
2	Brassica oleracea L.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	var. botrytis (Cauliflower)
						var. capitata (Cabbage)
						var. italica (Broccoli)
3	Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) Clapham	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Mustard, Sarson
4	Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa Hajra et al.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Turnip, Shalgam, Shaljam, Gonglu
5	Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Shepherd Purse, Chambaraka
6	Cardamine flexuosa With.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Wood Bitter Cross, Wavy Bitter Cross
7	Eruca sativa Mill.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	Yellow	Rocket Salad, Arugula, Tara Mira
8	Erysimum x cheiri (L.) Crantz	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple, Red	Wall Flower
9	Farsetia stylosa R. Br.	Brassicaceae	Herb, Shrublet	Wild	White, Slightly Pink	Hamilton’s Farsetia, Hiran-Chabba, Hiran-Chabbo, Farid Booti
10	Iberis amara L.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pale Violet	Candy tuft, Annual Candy Tuft, Rocket Candy tuft
11	Lepidium didymum L.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Swine Cress, Bitter Cress, Lesser Swine Cress, Wart Cress, Jangli Hala
12	Lepidium sativum L.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	White	Garden Cress, Garden Pepper Cress, Pepper Grass, Pepperwort, Poor man's Pepper, Halon
13	Lobularia martitima (L.) Desv.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pinkish Purplish	Sweet Alyssum
14	Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin	Brassicaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White or Pink	Radish, Mooli, Moongre
15	Rorippa palustris L.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Marsh Yellow Cress
16	Sisymbrium irio L.	Brassicaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	London Rocket, Khub-Kalan, Asalio Khubkhala
17	Tropaeolum majus L.	Tropaeolaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow, Orange	Garden Nasturtium, Nasturtium, Indian Cress
18	Argemone mexicana L.	Papaveraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Mexican Prickly Poppy, Mexican Poppy, Prickly Poppy, Flowering Thistle, Cardo or Cardosanto, Yellow Mexican Poppy
19	Eschscholzia californica Cham. in Nees	Papaveraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Orange	Californian Poppy
20	Papaver rhoeas L.	Papaveraceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	Scarlet, Pink, White	Common Poppy, Corn Poppy, Field Poppy, Khas-Khas
21	Viola tricolor L.	Violaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Deep Purple and Yellow	Pansy, Heart’s Ease, Heart’s Delight, Tickle-my-fancy, Jack-jump-up and kiss-me, Come and Cuddle me, Three faces in a hood, Love in idleness
22	Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley	Fumariaceae	Herb	Wild	White, Purplish, Pale-Pink	Indian Fumitory, Papara, Pit Papara
23	Polygala erioptera DC.	Polygalaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink	Wooly-winged Milkwort
24	Arenaria serpyllifolia L.	Caryophyllaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Thyme-leaved Sandwort
25	Dianthus barbatus L.	Caryophyllaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink, Red, Purplish	Sweet William
26	Dianthus chinensis L.	Caryophyllaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Red, Purple, Pink, White	China Pink, Indian Pink, Chinese Pink, Pink, Dianthus, Rainbow Pink
27	Silene conoidea L.	Caryophyllaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink, Red	Cone Campion, Large Sand Catchfly, Cone Catchfly, Weed Campion, Weed Silene; Takla (Hindi)
28	Spergula fallax (Lowe) Krause	Caryophyllaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Corn Spurry
29	Stellaria media (L.) Villars	Caryophyllaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Common Chickweed, Chickenwort, Craches, Maruns, Starweed, Star Chickweed, Passerina, Winterweed, Buch-Bucha
30	Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench	Malvaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow with dark purple centre	Lady’s Finger, Okra, Okro or Ochro, Bhindi
31	Alcea rosea L.	Malvaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Red- purple, White, Pink, Yellow or Black- purple	Holly-Hock, Gul-Khaira, Gul-Phaira
32	Malva parviflora L.	Malvaceae	Herb	Wild	White, Pinkish at tips	Cheeseweed Mallow, Marshmallow, Least Mallow, Little Mallow, Small-flowered Mallow, Small-flowered Marshmallow, Egyptian Mallow, Panirak, Nanna, Geogisag, Sonchal
33	Pentapetes phoenicea L.	Sterculiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Scarlet Red	Midday Flower, Scarlet Mallow, Copper cups, Florimpia, Noon Flower, Scarlet Pentapetes, Scarlet Phoenician; Dupahariya
34	Corchorus aestuans L.	Tiliaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	East Indian Mallow, Jute, West African Mallow; Conch, Hade-Ka- Khet
35	Corchorus olitorius L.	Tiliaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Nalta Jute, Jute Mallow, Jew’s Mallow, Tossa Jute, Pat, Patsag, Mitha Pat
36	Linum grandiflorum Desf.	Linaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Bright Red to Maroon	Scarlet Flax, Flowering Flax
37	Linum usitatissimum L.	Linaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Blue	Flax, Common Flax, Flax seed, Linseed, Alsi
38	Peganum harmala L.	Nitrariaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellowish- White	Harmal
39	Tribulus terrestris L.	Zygophyllaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Bullhead, Caltrop, Cat’s Head, Devil’s Eyelashes, Devil’s Thorn, Devil’s Weed, Puncture Plant, Puncture Vine, Tackweed, Tribulus, Gokhru, Tirkundi, Bhakkhra
40	Geranium rotundifolium L.	Geraniaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink to Purple	Roundleaf Geranium, Round-leaved Geranium, Round- leaved Crane’s Bill
41	Oxalis corniculata L.	Oxalidaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Creeping Wood Sorrel, Creeping Oxalis, Khatti Buti
42	Oxalis dehradunensis Raizada	Oxalidaceae	Herb	Wild	White to Pale Green	Dehradun Wood Sorrel, Dun Ambushi
43	Impatiens balsamina L.	Balsaminaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pink or Purple	Garden Balsam, Rose Balsam, Spotted Snapweed, Touch- me-not, Gul-Mehndi
44	Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	Purple	Alyce Clover, Buffalo Clover, Buffalo-bur, One-leaf Clover, and White Moneywort
45	Cicer arietinum L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	White to Purple	Chick Pea, Bengal Gram, Gram, White chick Pea, Gram Chick Pea, Chana, Kabli Chana, Black Chana
46	Crotalaria medicaginea Lam.	Paplionoideae	Herb or Shrub	Wild	Yellow	Trefoil Rattlepod, Gulabi
47	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Purplish-White	Cluster Bean, Guar, Guara
48	Grona triflora (L.) H. Ohashi & K. Ohashi	Papilionoideae	Herb	Wild	Pink or Purple	Creeping Tick Trefoil, Three-Flower Beggarweed, Tropical Trefoil, Matty Desmodium, Kudaliya, Motha
49	Indigofera linnaei Ali	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	Bright Red	Birdsville Indigo, Leel, Latahai, Bekario
50	Lathyrus aphaca L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	Pale-Yellow	Wild Pea, Yellow Pea, Yellow Vetch, Yellow Vetchling, Janglee Mattar
51	Lupinus hartwegii Lindl. OR Lupinus nanus Douglas ex Benth.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Blue, Purple-Pink to Purple or Reddish	Lupine, Sky Lupin Pixie Delight, Field Lupin ‘Pixie Delight’. Lupinus
52	Medicago monantha (C.A. Mey) Trautv.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Medick
53	Medicago polymorpha L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Toothed Bur Clover, Californian Bur Clover, Toothed Medik, Chandausi, Maina
54	Melilotus albus Medikus	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	White	White Sweet Clover, Bokhara Clover, Honey Clover, Sweet Clover, White Melilot, Safed Ban Methi
55	Melilotus indicus (L.) All.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Indian Sweet Clover, Yellow Sweet Clover, Small Melilot, Ban Methi, Morila, Senji Methi
56	Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	White, Pale Pink or Purplish	Indigo Sauvage, Small Tephrosia
57	Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Wild	Purple	Common Tephrosia, Fish Poison, Wild Indigo, Purple Tephrosia
58	Trifolium alexandrium L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Creamy-White	Barseem Clover, Egyptian Clover, Barseem
59	Trifolium resupinatum L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink to Reddish-Purple	Persian Clover, Reversed Clover, Bird Eye Clover, Shaftal Clover, Shatala
60	Trigonella corniculata (L.) L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Cultivated Fenugreek, Wild Trefoil, Kasuri Methi, Methi
61	Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Cultivated	Pale-Yellow	Fenugreek, Greek Clover, Greek Hay; Methi, Methe
62	Vicia faba L.	Paplionoideae	Herb	Escape	White with purple veins	Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Faba Bean, Horse Bean, Bakla
63	Senna occidentalis (L.) Link	Caesalpinioideae	Herb	Wild	White tinged with pink	Coffee Senna, Coffee Weed, Negro Coffee; Kasunda
64	Senna tora (L.) Roxb.	Caesalpinioideae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Chinese Senna, Foetid Cassia, Stinking Cassia, Low Senna, Sickle Senna, Sickle Pod, Tora
65	Mimosa pudica L.	Mimosoidae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink	Touch Me Not, Chhui-Mui, Lajwanti
66	Fragaria sp.	Rosaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pale yellow	Strawberry
67	Oenothera laciniata Hill	Onagraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Cutleaf Evening Primrose
68	Oenothera speciosa Nutt	Onagraceae	Herb	Cultivated	White turning to Pink Rose	Pink Ladies, Pink Evening Primrose, Showy Evening Primrose, Mexican Primrose, Amapola Del Campo, Mexican Evening Primrose
69	Cucurbita pepo L.	Cucurbitaceae	Prostrate Herb	Cultivated	Yellow to Orange Yellow	Summer Squash, Chappan Kaddu
70	Begonia cucullata var. hookeri (A. DC.) Sm. & Schub.	Begoniaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Red or Pink	Wax Begonia, Fibrous Begonia, Bedding Begonia, Perpetual Begonia
71	Cleretum bellidiforme (Burm.f.) Rowley	Aizoaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pink, Orange, Yellow	Ice Plant, Livingston Daisy, Mesembs, Livingstone Daisy, Burf
72	Mesembryanthemum cordifolium L. f.	Aizoaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Bright Pink or Purplish-Red	Baby Sun Rose, Heart Leaf, Red Aptenia, Aptenia, Heartleaf Ice plant, Heart-leaved Aptenia, Heart-leaved midday flower
73	Trianthema portulacastrum L.	Aizoaceae	Herb	Wild	Purple Pink	Desert Horse Purselane, Black Pigweed, Giant Pigweed, Horse Purselane; Sabuni, Salsabuni, Svetsabuni, Vishakhapara
74	Zaleya pentandra (L.) Jeffery	Aizoaceae	Herb	Wild	------	Five-stamen Horse Purslane, African Purselane, Itsit
75	Paramollugo nudicaulis (Lam.) Thulin	Molluginaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Naked-Stem Carpetweed, White Star Mollugo
76	Anethum graveolens L.	Apiaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Soe, Sowa, Dil
77	Coriandrum sativum L.	Apiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Rose-Pink or Purple	Coriander, Dhania
78	Foeniculum vulgare (L.) Mill.	Apiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Common Fennel, Sweet Fennel, Florence Fennel, Saunf
79	Psammogeton canescens (DC. ex Boiss.) Vatke	Apiaceae	Herb	Wild	Light Rosy or White	----
80	Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague	Apiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Caraway, Ajwain
81	Galium aparine L.	Rubiaceae	Herb	Wild	White to Green	Goose Grass, Common Bedstraw, Cleavers, Coach weed, Catchweed, Clivers, Sticky willy, Sticky weed, Sticky leaf, Robin-run-the-hedge, Kuri
82	Amberboa moschata (L.) DC.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	White or Purple	Sweet Sultan
83	Arctotis hirsuta Beauverd	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Namaqua Marigold, African Daisy
84	Bellis perennis L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink or Purplish	English Daisy, Common Daisy, Lawn Daisy, Bruisewort
85	Bidens pilosa L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	White to Pinkish	Black Jack, Beggar’s Tick, Farmer’s friends, Spanish Needle, Cobbler’s pegs, Kumra, Kumar, Kurei
86	Calendula officinalis L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow to Orange	Pot Marigold, Common Marigold, Garden Marigold, English Marigold, Ruddles, Scottish Marigold
87	Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Red, Pink, Blue, Purple, Violet, Lilac or White	China Aster
88	Centaurea cyanus L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Blue, Pink or Purple	Cornflower, Bachelor’s Button, Garden Bluebottle, Bluebonnets, Blaver, Blue-Poppy, Thimbles, Brushes, Corn pinks, Witch’s bells, Hurtsickle
89	Chrysanthemum x morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.	Asteraceae	Herb or Subshrub	Cultivated	White, yellow, Orange, Rust, Bronze, Pink, Purple or mixed	Garden Mum, Florist’s Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum, Gul-e-daudi
90	Cichorium intybus L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Blue	Common Cichory, Blue Sailors, Succory, Coffeeweed, Kasni
91	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Light Purple	Creeping Thistle, Canada Thistle, Field Thistle
92	Coreopsis auriculata L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Eared Coreopsis, Ear-leaved Tickseed, Lobed Coreopsis, Lobed Tickseed, Mouse-eared Coreopsis
93	Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow with Red-Brown	Golden Tickseed, Golden Wave
94	Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pink or Purplish	Garden Cosmos, Mexican Aster
95	Cosmos sulphureus Cav.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow to Red-Orange	Sulphur Cosmos, Yellow Cosmos
96	Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Purple	Little Ironweed, Purple Feabane, Sahadevi
97	Dahlia pinnata Cav.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow, Orange, Peach, Scarlet, Maroon, White	Dahlia, Garden Dahlia
98	Dimorphotheca pluvialis (L.) Moench	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Purplish	White African Daisy, Cape Marigold, Weather Prophet, Cape Rain-Daisy, Rain Daisy
99	Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Greenish-White to Yellowish	False Daisy, Trailing Eclipta, Thistles, Bhringraj, Keshraj
100	Erigeron bonariensis L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Pale Yellow	Flaxleaf Fleabane, Hairy Fleabane, Ragweed, Rough Conyza, Tall Fleabane
101	Erigeron canadensis L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Pale Yellow	Canadian Horseweed, Horseweed, Canadian Fleabane, Coltstail, Marestail, Butterweed
102	Gaillardia pulchella Foug.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Reddish to Purplish tipped with Yellow to Orange	Firewheel, Indian Blanket, Indian Blanket Flower, Sundance
103	Galinsoga parviflora Cav.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	White	Quick Weed, Indian Blanket Flower, Sundance, Small flower Galinsoga
104	Gamochaeta americana (Mill.) Wedd.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	White tipped with Reddish-Purple	Elegant Cudweed
105	Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Orange or Yellow with a Black base	Clumping Gazania, Gazania
106	Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Garland Chrysanthemum, Crown Daisy
107	Helianthus annuus L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Sunflower, Surajmukhi
108	Jurinea heteromala (D. Don) N. Garcia, Herrando & Susanna	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Light Purple	Kaliziri, Murang, Batula
109	Lactuca dissecta D. Don	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Blue to Purple	Split-Leaf Lettuce
110	Lactuca serriola L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Prickly Lettuce, Compass Plant
111	Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ram. & Raj.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Creeping Launaea
112	Oligochaeta divaricata (DC.) K. Koch	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Purplish or White	Branched Sweet Sultan, Unt Kantilo, Badaward
113	Parthenium hysterophorus L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	White	Congress Grass, Carrot Grass
114	Pentanema indicum (L.) Y. Ling	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Sonakadi, Bichhloo
115	Pericallis x hybrida (Bosse) B. Nord.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple-Red, Blue, Pink or White	Cineraria, Common Ragwort, Florist’s Cineraria
116	Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Purple	----
117	Pulicaria undulata (L.) C. A. Mey.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Desert Golden Daisy, Dhol’s Lizru, Soneli, Buhrna
118	Rhodanthe chlorocephala subsp. rosea (Hook.) Paul G. Wilson	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink	Rosy Everlasting, Straw Flower, Everlasting Daisy, Everlasting Paper Daisy, Pink and White Everlasting, Rosy Sunra
119	Sonchus asper (L.) Hill	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Spiny-leaf Sow Thistle, Laiteron rude, Prickly Sow Thistle, Spiny Sow Thistle, Dudhi
120	Sonchus oleraceus L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Common Sow Thistle, Laiteron Hare’s Lettuce, Milk Thistle, Dudhi
121	Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Wadelia , Yellow Dots, Creeping Daisy, Singapore Daisy, Trailing Daisy, Bay Biscayne Creeping- Oxeye, Creeping ox-eye, Rabbit’s Paw
122	Tagetes erecta L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow, Orange, Red-Brown	African Marigold, French Marigold, American Marigold, Marigold, Aztec Marigold, Big Marigold, Gainda, Gaindi
123	Tarlmounia elliptica (DC.) H. Rob., S.C. Keeley, Skvarla & R. Chan	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink, Purplish or White	Curtain Creeper, Vernonia Creeper, Parda Bel
124	Thymophylla tenuiloba (DC.) Small	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Bright Yellow	Bristle Leaf, Prickly Leaf, Dahlberg Daisy, Golden Fleece, Shooting Star, Small Bristle leaf
125	Tridax procumbens L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Creamish-White	Coat Buttons, Tridax Daisy, Mexican Daisy
126	Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Orange-Yellow	Golden Crown-beard, Wild Sunflower, Gold Weed, Cowpen Daisy, Butter Daisy, Crown beard, American dog weed, South African Daisy
127	Xanthium strumarium L.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	White or Green	Common Cocklebur, Broad Bur, Burdock, Datura, Clotbur, Rough Cocklebur, Chhota Datura, Ghaghra
128	Xerochrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Tzvelev	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pink, Yellow, Red or Purple	Golden Everlasting, Strawflower, Paper Daisy, Paper Flower
129	Youngia japonica (L.) DC.	Asteraceae	Herb	Wild	Pale-Yellow	Oriental Hawkweed, Oriental False Hawkbeard
130	Zinnia elegans Jacq.	Asteraceae	Herb	Cultivated	Usually Red, (White, Yellow or Purple in cultivars)	Common Zinnia, Elegant Zinnia, Garden Zinnia
131	Lysimachia arvensis var. caerulea (L.) Turland & Bergmeier	Primulaceae	Herb	Wild	Blue with Scarlet base	Blue Pimpernel, Neel, Dharti Dhak, Krishna Neel
132	Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don	Apocynaceae	Herb or Subshrub	Cultivated or Escape	Pink or White	Periwinkle, Rosy Periwinkle, Madagascar Periwinkle, Vinca, Happy- Go- Lucky Shrub, Sada Bahar, Sadaphuli, Nayantara
133	Arnebia hispidissima (Sieber ex Lehm.) A. DC.	Boraginaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Arabian Primrose, Ram Bui
134	Euploca strigosa (Willd.) Diane & Hilger	Boraginaceae	Herb	Wild	White with Yellow centre	Bristly Heliotrope, Chitiphul, Chitiphal, Safed Bhangra
135	Gastrocotyle hispida (Forssk.) Bunge	Boraginaceae	Herb	Wild	White, Bluish or Purple	Hairy Bugloss
136	Heliotropium europaeum L.	Boraginaceae	Herb	Wild	White with Yellow throat	Common Heliotrope, European Heliotrope, European Turn-sole, Caterpillar Weed, Potato Weed
137	Phlox drummondii Hook.	Polemoniaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Blue, Red, Pink, Magenta, Lavender, Purple or White	Annual Phlox, Drummond’s Phlox
138	Convolvulus arvensis L.	Convolvulaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink to Liliac with dark Purple bands or Purple with White centre	Bind Weed, Field Bindweed, Hiranpug, Hiranpadi
139	Convolvulus prostratus Forrsk.	Convolvulaceae	Herb	Wild	White or Pale Pink	Prostrate Bind Weed, Shankh Pushpi, Sireen, Dodak
140	Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L.	Convolvulaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Sky Blue	Slender Dwarf Morning Glory, Dwarf Morning Glory, Vishnu Krantha, Shyama-Krantha
141	Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L.	Convolvulaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Round Leaf Bindweed
142	Capsicum annuum L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Capsicum, Bell Pepper, Sweet Pepper, Chilli Pepper, Cayenne Pepper, Paprika Lal Mirch, Shimla Mirch
143	Datura innoxia Mill.	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Datura, Prickly Burr, Recurved Thorn-apple, Downy Thorn-apple, Indian-apple, Safed Datura
144	Datura metel L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	White, Yellowish or Pale- Purple	Indian Thornapple, Downy Thornapple, Hindu Datura, Metel, Devil’s Trumpet, Angel’s Trumpet, Horn of Plenty, Dhatura or Safed Dhatura
145	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv.	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Tex-Amex Tobacco, Ban Tambakoo, Jungli Tambakoo
146	Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Solanaceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	White	Large White Petunia, Wild White Petunia, White Moon Petunia
147	Petunia x atkinsiana (Sweet) D. Don ex W.H. Baxter	Solanaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Pink, Red, Blue, Purple- Blue, Violet, Magenta	Common Garden Petunia
148	Physalis angulata L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	Pale-Yellow	Cutleaf Ground Cherry, Dog Tomato, Cold Cherry, Sunberry, Country Gooseberry
149	Solanum lycopersicum L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Tomato, Tamatar
150	Solanum melongena L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Violet	Eggplant, Brinjal, Aubergine, Baingan
151	Solanum nigrum L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	White or Bluish	Black Nightshade, Blackberry Nightshade, Nightshade, Mako, Makoi
152	Solanum virginianum L.	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	Blue- Purple	Thorny Nightshade, Yellow Berried Nightshade, Thai Eggplant, Surratense Nightshade, Thai green Eggplant, Thai Striped Eggplant, Kateli, Oonth Kateli
153	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	Solanaceae	Herb	Wild	Greenish- Yellow	Winter Cherry, Indian Ginseng, Poison Gooseberry, Asgandh, Ashwagandha
154	Nemesia strumosa Benth.	Scrophulariaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Commonly orange with Pale-Yellow near throat and Bluish markings on upper lip. Various other colors seen	Nemesia, Pouch Nemesia, Cape Jewels
155	Verbascum coromandelianum (Vahl.) Hub.-Mor.	Scrophulariaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Chinese Mullein, Gidar Tamaku, Kokhima, Kulahal
156	Verbascum thapsus L.	Scrophulariaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Great Mullein, Adam’s Flannel, Beggar’s Blanket, Candlewick Plant, Hag’s Taper, Jupiter’s Staff, Molene, Mullein, Velvet Dock, Velvet Plant, Woolly Mullein
157	Antirrhinum majus L.	Plantaginaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Mauve, Purple, Red, Yellow or White	Dog Flower, Snapdragon
158	Misopates orontium (L.) Raf.	Plantaginaceae	Herb	Wild	Pale-Pink or White	Corn Snapdragon, Lesser Snapdragon, Weasel’s Snout
159	Russelia equisetiformis Schltdl. & Cham.	Plantaginaceae	Perennial Herb	Cultivated	Scarlet	Fire Cracker Plant, Fire Cracker Flower, Coral Blow, Coral Bush, Coral Fountain, Coral Plant, Fire Cracker Fern, Fountain Bush, Fountain Plant, Madeira Plant
160	Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.	Plantaginaceae	Herb	Wild	Pale-Blue or White	Water Speedwell, Brook Pimpernel, Blue Water Speedwell, Sada, Sadevi
161	Veronica persica Poir.	Plantaginaceae	Herb	Wild	Blue or Pale Blue	Persian Speedwell, Bird-Eye Speedwell, Common Field Speedwell
162	Torenia fournieri Linden ex Fourn.	Linderniaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink, White, Purple, Lavender, Blue	Wish Bone Flower, Bluewings
163	Mazus pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis	Mazaceae	Herb	Wild	Pale-Blue	Asian Majus, Japanese Majus
164	Mimulus hybrid	Phrymaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White with maroon Spots/blotches	Monkey Flower
165	Sesamum indicum L.	Pedaliaceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	White, Pink or Mauve-Pink	Sesame, Safed Til
166	Asystasia gangetica (L.) Anders. in G.H.K. Thwaite	Acanthaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Tropical Primrose, Chinese Violet, Creeping Foxglove, Ganges Primrose
167	Dicliptera bupleuroides Nees in N. Wallich	Acanthaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink with Purple spots	Thorowax Foldwing
168	Ruellia ciliatiflora Hook.	Acanthaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple	Wild Petunia, Violet Wild Petunia, Common Wild Petunia, Violet Ruellia
169	Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene	Verbenaceae	Herb	Wild	Pinkish-Purple	Frog Fruit, Sawtooth Fogfruit, Turkey Tangle, Creeping Lip Plant, Jalbuti, Ratoliya, Bukkan
170	Verbena bipinnatifida Schauer.	Verbenaceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	Purple, Lavender or Bluish	Moss Verbena, South American Mock Vervain
171	Verbena x hybrida Groenl. & Rumpler	Verbenaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Red, Purple, Pink, White	Verbena
172	Coleus amboinicus Lours.	Lamiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pale-Blue	Cuban Oregano, Indian Borage, Indian Mint, Mexican Mint, Mexican Oregano, Spanish Thyme, Patharchur, Patta Ajwain
173	Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth.	Lamiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Blue or Purple	Coleus, Painted Nettle
174	Leucas cephalotes (Roth.) Spreng.	Lamiaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Head Leucas, Dharma pushp, Dron pushpi or Drona pushpin, Bishkhapru, Deldona, Dhurpisag, Goma, Goma Madhupati
175	Mentha spicata subsp. spicata	Lamiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Spearmint, Garden Mint, Lamb Mint, Pudina
176	Ocimum basilicum L.	Lamiaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple	Basil, Niazbo, Sweet Basil, Babui Tulsi, Ram Tulsi
177	Salvia splendens Sellow ex Nees	Lamiaceae	Herbs	Cultivated	Scarlet	Scarlet Sage, Red Salvia
178	Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris L.	Chenopodiaceae	Herb	Cultivated, Escape	Green with White margin	Indian Spinach, Savoy Beet, Spinach Beet, Sea Beet, Palak, Palangsag, Palanki
179	Chenopodium album L.	Chenopodiaceae	Herb	Wild	Whitish-Green	Fat Hen, Lamb’s Quarters, White goosefoot, Bathua, Lunak, Baathu
180	Chenopodiastrum murale (L.) S. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch	Chenopodiaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Sowbane, Nettle-leaved Goosefoot, Australian Spinach, Salt Green, Goyalo
181	Persicaria barbata (L.) H. Hara	Polygonaceae	Herb	Wild	Greenish-White	Bearded Knotweed, Water Milkwort
182	Persicaria glabra (Willd.) M. Gomez	Polygonaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink	Dense flower Knotweed, Common Marsh Buckwheat
183	Polygonum effusum Meisn.	Polygonaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink	----
184	Rumex dentatus L. subsp. klotzschianus (Meisn) Rech.f.	Polygonaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Toothed Dock, Dentate Dock, Indian Dock, Jangli Palak
185	Rumex punjabensis Vaid & Naithani	Polygonaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	----
186	Rumex spinosus L.	Polygonaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Devil’s Thorn, Little Jack, Spiny three corner Jack, Spiny Emex
187	Boerhavia diffusa L.	Nyctaginaceae	Herb	Wild	Bright Purple	Spreading Hogweed, Red Hogweed, Tar Vine, Red Spiderling, Wine flower, Satha, Punarnava
188	Commicarpus chinensis (L.) Heimerl	Nyctaginaceae	Herb	Wild	Pink	Diffuse Hogweed
189	Mirabilis jalapa L.	Nyctaginaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple, Red or Yellow	Four O’ Clock, Beauty of the Night, Marvel of Peru, Gul Abbas, Gulbakshi
190	Achyranthes aspera L.	Amaranthaceae	Herb or Undershrub	Wild	Greenish-White	Prickly Chaff Flower, Chaff Flower, Crocus Stuff, Crokars Staff, Devil’s Horse whip, Chirchita, Latjira
191	Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Kapok Bush, Desert Cotton, Pillow Weed, Snow Bush, Safed Bui
192	Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regal) G. Nicholson	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Calico Plant, Red Calico Plant, Joyweed, Lal Mehndi
193	Alternanthera pungens Kunth in Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	Brownish	Khaki Weed, Paper thorn, Khakhi Burrweed, Spingflower Alternanthera
194	Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Sessile Joyweed, Stalkless Joyweed, Dwarf copperleaf Joyweed, Garundi, Guroo
195	Amaranthus viridis L.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Green Amaranth, Pigweed, Prince of Wales feather, Slender Amaranth, Tropical Green Amaranth, Jangli Chaulayi
196	Celosia argentea L.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	Shiny White	Silver Cockscomb, White Cockscomb, Flamingo Feathers, Wheat Celosia, Gadrya, Garke, Garkha, Cockscomb
197	Digera muricata (L.) Mart.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	Pinkish	False Amarantjus, Chanchali, Lahsuva, Latmahuria
198	Gomphrena globosa L.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple, Pinkish to deep Red	Globe Amaranth, Gomphrena, Bachelor’s Button, Gul-e-Makhmal
199	Gomphrena serrata L.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Prostrate Gomphrena, Prostrate Globe Amaranth, Coastal Globe Amaranth
200	Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss.	Amaranthaceae	Herb	Wild	----	Forest Burr, Creeping Cock’s comb, Naga-Daminee
201	Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A. Juss.	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Wild	Yellow	Dyers Croton, Giradol, Turnsole
202	Euphorbia helioscopia L.	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Wild	Greenish-Yellow	Sun Spurge, Umbrella Milkweed, Wart Spurge, Madwoman’s Milk; Hirrusseah, Dudhya, Mahabi, Chatriwal, Gandabuti, Dudal
203	Euphorbia hirta L.	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Wild	Greenish to Red	Pillpod Spurge, Asthma Weed, Dove Milk, Common Spurge, Cat’s hair, Bara Dudhi
204	Euphorbia prostrata Aiton	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Wild	Reddish	Prostrate Sandmat, Red Euphorbia, Prostrate Spurge
205	Euphorbia serpens Kunth	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Wild	Purple	Creeping or Round-leafed Spurge, Mattled Sandmat, Dudhi
206	Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.	Phyllanthaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Carry-Me-Seed, Black Catnip, Child pick a back, Gale of Wind, Gulf Leaf Flower, Hurricane Weed, Shatter stone, Stone breaker, Bhui Aanvala
207	Phyllanthus fraternus Webster	Phyllanthaceae	Herb	Wild	White	Gulf Leaf- Flower, Bhuin Anvahla, Hajarmani, Kanochha
208	Gonostegia pentandra (Roxb.) Miq.	Urticaceae	Herb	Wild	Greenish-White	Narrow Leaf Pouzolz’Bush
209	Urtica urens L.	Urticaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Dog Nettle, Burning Nettle, Annual Nettle, Dwarf Nettle
210	Cannabis sativa L.	Cannabaceae	Herb	Wild	Green	Marijuana, Hemp, Gallow Grass, Bhang, Ganja, Charas
211	Gladiolus x gandavensis Van Houtte	Iridaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White, Yellow, Orange, Red	Gladiolus
212	Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb.	Iridaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Orange to Reddish	Leopard Lily, Blackberry Lily, Leopard Flower
213	Iris tectorum Maxim.	Iridaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Bluish-Violet	Roof Iris, Wall Iris, Japanese Roof Iris
214	Allium cepa L.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Onion, Piaz
215	Allium sativum L.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pale red	Garlic, Lassan, Lehsun
216	Amaryllis belladonna L.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pale-Pink	Belladonna Lily, Naked Lady Lily, Jersey Lily, Barbados Lily, Guernsey, March Lily
217	Crinum asiaticum L.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Grand Crinum Lily, Giant Crinum Lily, Poison Bulb, Spider Lily, Naagadamini, Sukhdarshan
218	Crinum latifolium L.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Light Pink	Pink-striped Trumpet Lily, Milk and Wine Lily, Wide-leaved Crinum Lily
219	Hippeastrum x johnsonii (Gowen) Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Scarlet	Johnson’s Amaryllis, Hardy Amaryllis, St. Joseph’s Lily
220	Hymenocallis latifolia (Mill.) M. Roem.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Snow-White	Mangrove Spider Lily, Broad Leaf Spider Lily, Perfumed Spider Lily
221	Lycoris aurea (L’Her.) Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Bright-Yellow	Golden Spider Lily
222	Narcissus tazetta L.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White to Cream	Daffodil, Nargis, Bunch-flowered Daffodil, Nargis, Narcissus, Bunch-flowered Narcissus, Cream Narcissus, Polyanthus Narcissus, Lent Lily, Chinese Lily, Jonquil, Joss flower, Paper white
223	Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Scarlet-Red	Blood Lily, Fireball Lily, Blood Flower, Katherine- Wheel, Powderpuff Lily, Ox- tongue Lily, Poison Root, Pincushion Flower, Cape Tulip
224	Zephyranthes candida Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	White Rain Lily
225	Zephyranthes carinata Herb.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink	Pink Rain Lily, Fairy Lily, Zephyr Lily, Rose-pink Zephyr Lily
226	Zephyranthes citrina Baker	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Yellow	Yellow Rain Lily, Citron Zephyr Lily, Yellow Fairy Lily
227	Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.	Amaryllidaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Rose-Pink	Rosy Rain Lily, Cuban Zephyr Lily, Rosy Zephyr Lily, Pink Rain Lily
228	Musa x paradisiaca L.	Musaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Purple-Red	Banana, Kela
229	Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M. Smith	Zingiberaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Shell Ginger, Light Galangal, Pink Porcelain Lily
230	Costus pictus D. Don	Costaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Lemon-Yellow	Painted Spiral Ginger, Spotted Spiral Ginger
231	Canna indica L.	Cannaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pale-Yellow	Indian Shot, Wild Canna, Canna Lily, Keli
232	Agave amica (Medik.) Thiede & Govaerts	Asparagaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Tuberose, Mexican Tuberose, Rajanigandha
233	Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop	Asparagaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Emerald Fern, Emerald Asparagus Fern, Sprenger Asparagus, Foxtail Asparagus
234	Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacq.	Asparagaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Spider Plant, Airplane Plant, St. Bernard’s Lily, Spider Ivy, Ribbon Plant, Hen and Chickens
235	Dracaena angolensis (Welw. ex Carriere) Byng & Christenh.	Asparagaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Not Observed	Elephant’s Toothpick, African Spear, Cylindrical Snake Plant, Bow String Hemp, Spear Sansevieria, Saint Barbara Sword
236	Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb.	Asparagaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Not Observed	Snake Plant, Saint George’s Sword, Mother- in- law’s Tongue, Viper’s Bowstring Hemp
237	Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.	Asphodelaceae	Herb	Wild	White to Pale-Pink	Piazi
238	Dianella tasmanica Hook. f.	Asphodelaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Bluish-Green	Flax Lily, Variegated Flax Lily, Tasmanian Flax Lily, Tasman Flax Lily
239	Callisia repens (Jacq.) L.	Commelinaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Creeping Inch Plant, Basket Plant, Itsy-Bitsy Inch Plant, Jellybean Plant, Little Jewel, Tiny Buttons, Turtle Vine
240	Commelina benghalensis L.	Commelinaceae	Herb	Wild	Blue	Bengal Dayflower, Whiskered Commelina, Tropical Spiderwort, Kana, Kankava, Buchna
241	Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt	Commelinaceae	Herb	Cultivated	Pink	Purple Heart, Wandering Jew, Purple Queen
242	Tradescantia spathacea Sw.	Commelinaceae	Herb	Cultivated	White	Boat Lily, Moses in the Cradle, Oyester Plant, Men in a Boat, Boat Plant
243	Tradescantia zebrina Bosse	Commelinaceae	Herb	Cultivated	No Flowering	Striped Wandering Jew, Striped Inch Plant, Silver Inch Plant, Cockroach Grass, Purple Wandering Jew, Inch Plant
244	Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott	Araceae	Herb	Cultivated	----	Dumb Cane